Indica-japonica differentiation in Chinese rice landraces     

Wen-Bing Chen  Yo-Ichiro Sato  Ikuo Nakamura  Hirokazu Nakai 《Euphytica》1993,74(3):195-201

Summary Ninety Chinese rice landraces were examined with special reference to the indica-japonica differentiation in terms of traditional criteria, isozyme analysis and PCR analysis of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Cultivars were separated into indica and japonica defined by a discriminant function (Z) based on key characters, as well as by isozyme genotypes. Most indica landraces had chloroplast DNAs with a deletion at the Pst-12 fragment, while most japonica landraces had cpDNAs without the deletion. Two traditionally recognized varietal groups in China, keng and hsien, corresponded largely to the respective japonica and indica revealed in our study. The results obtained in this study showed good agreement for classification of indica and japonica types by the three methods: discriminant analysis by Z value, isozyme analysis, and PCR analysis for cpDNA.  相似文献   

Molecular and genealogical analysis of grain dormancy in Japanese wheat varieties,with specific focus on MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 on chromosome 3A     

Makiko Chono  Hitoshi Matsunaka  Masako Seki  Masaya Fujita  Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe  Shunsuke Oda  Hisayo Kojima  Shingo Nakamura 《Breeding Science》2015,65(1):103-109

In the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Zenkoujikomugi’, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 on chromosome 3A (MFT-3A) causes an increase in the level of gene expression, resulting in strong grain dormancy. We used a DNA marker to detect the ‘Zenkoujikomugi’-type (Zen-type) SNP and examined the genotype of MFT-3A in Japanese wheat varieties, and we found that 169 of 324 varieties carry the Zen-type SNP. In Japanese commercial varieties, the frequency of the Zen-type SNP was remarkably high in the southern part of Japan, but low in the northern part. To examine the relationship between MFT-3A genotype and grain dormancy, we performed a germination assay in three wheat-growing seasons. On average, the varieties carrying the Zen-type SNP showed stronger grain dormancy than the varieties carrying the non-Zen-type SNP. Among commercial cultivars, ‘Iwainodaichi’ (Kyushu), ‘Junreikomugi’ (Kinki-Chugoku-Shikoku), ‘Kinuhime’ (Kanto-Tokai), ‘Nebarigoshi’ (Tohoku-Hokuriku), and ‘Kitamoe’ (Hokkaido) showed the strongest grain dormancy in each geographical group, and all these varieties, except for ‘Kitamoe’, were found to carry the Zen-type SNP. In recent years, the number of varieties carrying the Zen-type SNP has increased in the Tohoku-Hokuriku region, but not in the Hokkaido region.  相似文献   

Analysis of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium derivatives with BYDV-resistance     

Zhi-Shan Lin  Zhi-Fu Cui  Xiang-Yan Zeng  You-Zhi Ma  Zeng-Yan Zhang  Toshiki Nakamura  Goro Ishikawa  Kazuhiro Nakamura  Hisashi Yoshida  Zhi-Yong Xin 《Euphytica》2007,158(1-2):109-118

Chromosome compositions of seven lines, derived from hybrids between a wheat cultivar and the wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition line Z6, with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance, were determined by genomic in situ hybridization, cytogenetic and SSR assays. The results showed that line N522 was a disomic addition line, lines N420 and N439 were 2Ai-2(2B) chromosome substitution lines, lines N431 and N452 were 2Ai-2(2D) chromosome substitution lines, line N523 was a 2Ai-2S(2D) ditelosomic substitution line, and line N530 was a double ditelosomic line with the mitotic chromosome number of 2n = 40 + 4t. One pair of telosomes in line N530 lacked several proximal SSR markers of chromosome 2AS, but possessed certain terminal markers, which were consistent with an acrocentric structure, and the other pair of chromosome arms were presumably 2Ai-2S telosomes with BYDV-resistance. These wheat-Th. intermedium lines provide useful genetic resources for developing alien chromosome translocation lines.  相似文献   

Nematode Resistance and Meiotic Abnormality in Diploid Sugar Beet Selected from Interspecific Beta vulgaris×B. procumbens Hybrids*     

C. Nakamura  T. Tsuchiya 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(1):41-53

Two nematode-resistant trisomic lines which were derived from interspecific Beta, vulgaris × B. procumbens hybrids were intercrossed or backcrossed with susceptible diploid sugar beer and their progenies were screened for nematode resistance. The transmission rate of resistance varied from 1.5 % to 47.6 % with an average of 20.4 % in the progenies of individual insomics derived from the two trisomic lines. Eleven resistant diploads were selected with a frequency of 0.2 %. These resistant diploids were classified into two groups, i.e., one group showed relatively high transmission rates of resistance with an average of 25.4 % and the other extremely low with an average of 1.2 % in their backcrossed and s el fed progenies., Meiotic chromosome behavior in a resistant diploid group with high transmission rates was considerably normal as compared to that in a resistant diploid group with low transmission rates. Chromatid bridges and acertric fragments were detected in 93 % of resistant diploids and in 46 % of susceptible diploids. Two different sized fragments occurred in resistant diploids, while only a smaller fragment was present in susceptible diploids. A frequency of sporocytes with bridges-fragments was 17.4% at anaphase I and 13.9 % at anaphase II in resistant diploids, while in susceptible diploids a frequency was 2.9 % and 5.3 % at the respective stages. These results suggest that at least two paracentric inversions are present in resistant diploids, one of which is linked to nernatode resistance and may be responsible for the low transmission rate of resistance.  相似文献   

Sequential stopping rules for species accumulation     

J.?Andrés?ChristenEmail author  Miguel?Nakamura 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2003,8(2):184-195

Identifying and counting the total number of biological species observed to date, and plotting versusa measure of the effort used to record them, gives rise to a species accumulation curve. Interest typically is concerned with estimating the total number of species in the area of study, having observed only the accumulation curve, having no information on species frequencies. This article considers the problem of optimally stopping the sampling process. We use a sequential procedure with a fixed maximum horizon for accumulation. A utility function based on the number of new species to be observed and the effort saved from the maximum horizon is adopted, and a workable algorithm based on backward induction is obtained. An example in accumulation of bat species is also presented.  相似文献   

Structural changes in actomyosin induced by Ca2+ ions.     

R Nakamura 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1976,24(3):472-475

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Identification of food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of gelatin hydrolysates     

Iwai K  Hasegawa T  Taguchi Y  Morimatsu F  Sato K  Nakamura Y  Higashi A  Kido Y  Nakabo Y  Ohtsuki K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6531-6536

In the present study, we identified several food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of some gelatin hydrolysates. Healthy human volunteers ingested the gelatin hydrolysates (9.4-23 g) from porcine skin, chicken feet, and cartilage after 12 h of fasting. Negligible amounts of the peptide form of hydroxyproline (Hyp) were observed in human blood before the ingestion. After the oral ingestion, the peptide form of Hyp significantly increased and reached a maximum level (20-60 nmol/mL of plasma) after 1-2 h and then decreased to half of the maximum level at 4 h after the ingestion. Major constituents of food-derived collagen peptides in human serum and plasma were identified as Pro-Hyp. In addition, small but significant amounts of Ala-Hyp, Ala-Hyp-Gly, Pro-Hyp-Gly, Leu-Hyp, Ile-Hyp, and Phe-Hyp were contained.  相似文献   

Method for analysis of tannic acid and its metabolites in biological samples: application to tannic acid metabolism in the rat   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Nakamura Y  Tsuji S  Tonogai Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):331-339

A new analytical method for measuring tannic acid (TA) using tannase was developed and applied to the investigation of TA metabolism in the rat following oral administration at a dose of 1.0 g/kg. The proposed method for TA determination was based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of TA to gallic acid (GA) and subsequent determination by HPLC. TA metabolites were determined by HPLC. 4-O-Methylgallic acid (4-OMGA), pyrogallol (PY), and resorcinol (RE) were detected in serum. TA was excreted into urine as GA (0.01%), 4-OMGA (0.10%), PY (0.24%), and RE (2.06%) and into feces as TA (62.74%), GA (0.19%), PY (0.02%), and RE (0.76%) within 54 h after oral administration. It was suggested that >60% of TA remained unchanged but that some was hydrolyzed to GA by tannase in the intestine and further metabolized to 4-OMGA, PY, and RE.  相似文献   

The relationship between high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition and the quality of Japanese hexaploid wheat lines   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Nakamura H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(7):2648-2652

To reveal the high-molecular-weight (1-1MW) glutenin subunit composition, the seed storage proteins of 40 Japanese wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine their HMW glutenin subunit composition. These were identified by comparison of subunit mobility with that previously found in hexaploid wheat. Twelve different, major glutenin HMW subunits were identified. Each line contained three to five subunits, and 11 different glutenin subunit patterns were observed for 11 alleles in Japanese lines. The Glu-1 quality scores were not particularly high for most of the Japanese wheats in the southern part of Japan (Kyushu district). However, the Glu-1 quality scores of several wheat lines in the Hokkaido area (north Japan) were high. South Japanese wheat lines showed specialty allelic variation in the glutenin HMW 145 kfla subunit, different from those in non-Japanese hexaploid wheats.  相似文献   

Why invest in minor projects in sub-Saharan Africa? An exploration of the scale economy and diseconomy of irrigation projects     

Hitoshi Fujiie  Atsushi Maruyama  Masako Fujiie  Michiko Takagaki  Douglas J. Merrey  Masao Kikuchi 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2011,25(1):39-60

It is well-known that major irrigation projects have a strong scale economy, handicapping irrigation development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) because of the difficulty in formulating large-scale projects. Using project-level investment cost and performance data of major and minor irrigation projects, this paper examines the causes of the economy of scale phenomenon. We find that strong scale economy exists not only for major but also for minor projects, i.e., small- and micro-scale, projects. This is largely because of the existence of indivisible overhead costs such as high-opportunity-cost human resources for planning, designing and engineering management and supervision. We also find that large differences between major and minor projects in the absolute level of overhead as well as construction costs creates a strong scale diseconomy and results in better performance of minor projects. The advantage of minor projects holds even when their higher risk associated with the water source is taken into consideration. We argue that there is an urgent need to promote irrigation development in SSA through developing minor projects, and to reduce the heavy burden of overhead costs by developing the capacity of human resources at the national, local and farmer levels in the fields of irrigation engineering, irrigation agronomy, institutional development, and micro water management technologies.  相似文献